Starting a Small Bussiness - 948 Words

Briefly describe a small business you could envision yourself owning and discuss the most appropriate source of debt capital for that business. Explain your rationale. The small business I envision to own is a cleaning company which basically cleans offices and homes. Often the hardest part of starting a business is raising the money to get going. I may have a great idea and clear idea of how to turn it into a successful business. However, if sufficient finance can’t be raised, it is unlikely that the business will get off the ground. I will therefore invest my personal cash balances into the start-up. This is a cheap form of finance and it is readily available. Investing my personal savings will maximize the control I keep over the†¦show more content†¦If That does not favour the company they will invest. In terms of tax planning, companies may find it difficult to expand due to the tax ramifications. Country X (Foreign Country) may have a high tax burden on companies that choose to expand their operations abroad. Other reasons may include the means of advertisement, the start-up costs, and the political market. As firms attempt to internationalize, they may be tempted to locate their facilities where product liability laws are lax in testing new products. Describe some examples in which this motivation is the driving force behind international expansion. One way that companies verify the means of entry into is the legal environment. These legal procedures include limitations on trade through tariffs, documentation and import regulations, various investment, tax, and employment laws; patent and trademark protection. With these methods, companies feel motivated to move their operations abroad, in order to gain the benefits from doing business abroad. For instance, a tax credit can be imposed to companies who can prove that their gross income was incurred 80% or more in a foreign country. Other factors such as North American Free Trade Agreement-NAFTA,Show MoreRelatedOvercoming Shyness6824 Words   |  28 Pages| | | | | | | | Open University Malaysia Faculty of Bussiness amp; Management CDCA2103 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SEMESTER JANUARY 2013 Table of Contents 1) Introduction................................................................................................... 3 2) Data......................................Read MoreSample Resume : Business Management Essay2230 Words   |  9 Pagescharities and has a particular interest in the Breast Cancer Research Trust. In 2007 she has become an appointed Patron in recognition of her dedication and support to the Trust. Trelise Cooper is also a big supporter of Habitat for Humanity charity. (Bussiness of Fashion, 2015) 1. Introduction to Trelise Cooper 1.1 A brief overview of the company – history of Trelise Cooper. Fashion designer Trelise Cooper is the owner of a million dollar export company. Her story of success is even more remarkable becauseRead MoreWe Must Live Streaming And Broadcasting1600 Words   |  7 Pagesshould be set for avoiding chaotic situation for future. Here is the list of code of conduct, which will be useful for viewers and broadcasters, to make live streaming and broadcasting more authentic and useful. The fact the technology now makes starting a broadcast as easy as reaching into a pocket will undoubtedly mean the more newsworthy material is available to newsrooms as a story breaks. But that immediacy makes the need to use such material responsibly even greater. Verification of the NewsRead More Start a Bussiness Essay2640 Words   |  11 PagesStart a Bussiness The decision to purchase a business of your own is not an easy task. 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China s Peaceful Development Foreign Policy - 4047 Words

Question Critically analyse China’s â€Å"Peaceful Development† foreign policy in relation to China’s 2015 Defence White Paper Student: LTCDR Duncan Mackenzie, RNZN ID Number: 02240785 Paper Details: 149.701: The NZ Strategic Environment -Essay One Teacher s Name: Dr Anna Powles Due Date: 13 July 2015 Introduction Traditionally, international politics have been dominated by Eurocentric ideals and ‘Western Hemisphere’ interpretations. Rule by Roman Empire, European Coloniser and more recently, United States (US) hegemons, has dominated in the defining of power, diplomacy and sovereignty throughout Western history. For most of its own lengthy history, China developed in the shadow of the Western Hemisphere, shaping its own course from its Neolithic routes around 12,000 years ago year; rising and falling several times since Yu the Great started the Xia Dynasty in c. 2070 BC. On the back of its most recent rise as a result of economic reforms in the late 1970s which introduced China to the world economy, in a little under forty years China has emerged as the world’s second largest economy which will soon challenge a declining US. Alongside its economic rise, China’s prominence in the traditionally Western-dominated international political arena has also risen, to the point where every move - from changes to policy to military action - has potentially global impacts, and is thus scrutinized. In order to allay concerns around China’s transparency,Show MoreRelatedChina Rising Of China And China1505 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"China Rising† is a non-arguable fact and the one of the most important subjects in the twenty-first century. The rise of China is a relative threat to the neighboring regions or other great powers. Further, some scholars also comment that China either will replace or has already superseded the United State as the world’s only superpower. 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China’s economic rising power has deflected international criticism of its records of democratizationRead MoreThe Chinese Culture And Chinese Values1489 Words   |  6 PagesConflicts and tensions between Britain and China broke out during the Qing dynasty due to Britain’s ignorance towards Chinese culture and discrepancies between Chinese and Western values. Reflected in Lord Macartney’s account of his first meeting with Emperor Qianlong in 1792, the source highlights Britain’s belief of how they had taken the right steps to impress the Emperor to begin establishing stronger trade relations with China. However, Britain were ignorant of the negative attitudes towardsRead MoreThe Government Must Maintain Crucial Relationships With The Society1135 Words   |  5 Pages The government must maintain crucial relationships with the society. The leaders uphold the basic rights by guaranteeing people s security and equitable distribution of resources. The Chi nese government has implemented several policies that enabled the cooperation between the state and the social organizations. The social organizations, such as NGOs, have a significant role in connecting the state and the society and in enhancing their relationship. They are the extensions of the governmentRead MoreEconomic And Political Challenges Facing China1474 Words   |  6 PagesHaving a historical record of over three thousand years, China is considered as one of the few countries with a significant continuous civilization. Before the twentieth century, it was under the rule of various dynasties. â€Å"The Xia dynasty was the first dynasty to rule in the country† (Tanner 35). The bureaucratic systems of these regimes resulted to the agrarian civilization that was much better off than the existing nomadic cultures. â€Å"Through the entire period from the 1990s, the country has regainedRead MoreChina Is A Player At The Table1579 Words   |  7 PagesIn the 21st cen tury, U.S.-China relations have been shaped by the perception and acknowledgment that â€Å"China is a player at the table†. As a result, many have turned to international relation theories to predict whether China’s rise will peaceful or conflicted. Most understand that international relations are a â€Å"combination of forces and factors that are regarded as being diametrically opposed to one another†(Friedberg 2005 p11). However, in the unique case of U.S.-China relations, there is not onlyRead MoreThe Relations Between China And The Democratic Republic Of Congo1757 Words   |  8 Pagesconstantly engage in bilateral or multilateral relationships. The bilateral relationships between China and the Democratic Republic of Congo obey to these dynamic trends. The People’s Republic of China and the Democratic Republic of Congo enjoy stable diplomatic relations although there have been an increasing economic interests for one another since 1973. Background The People’s Republic of China and the Democratic Republic of Congo (Formerly Zaire) established their diplomatic relationships in

The Iks by Lewis Thomas Essay Sample free essay sample

The position of Lewis Thomas sing the similarity between the behaviour of the Iks and groups of different sizes is non accurate and unsupported by grounds. In his essay. Thomas proposed that the Iks have really â€Å"gone brainsick. † and they did so because society had become impracticable for them. He sees the Iks behaviour as a defence mechanism which resulted in each individual going his ain constituency. a metropolis which regards neighbours as competitor-cities. In his observations. he found the Iks behaviour really similar with the behaviour of different groups like commissions. metropoliss and states. Thomas said that the Iks are like metropoliss. Iks defecate in their neighbor’s belongings. hate their neighbours and happen the bad lucks of others diverting. Iks do non esteem their seniors. populating them to fend for themselves. even traveling so far as to steal from them. He said that the same is true with metropoliss. Cities defecate on their ain backyard. They do this by fouling their rivers and throwing their waste and refuse everyplace. Cities besides detest other metropoliss and are entertained when other metropoliss experience bad lucks. They have the same contempt and deficiency of regard to seniors since they build establishments that keep their seniors out of sight. ( Thomas ) . These statements of Thomas sing the nature of metropoliss seem to be full of headlong generalisations and are unsupported by a individual yarn of grounds. He did non mention a individual empirical informations or mentioned a specific illustration of a metropolis laughing at another city’s tragic destiny. Meanwhile. there are recent events that show that his observations are incorrect. Other metropoliss in the United States were sympathetic when the metropoliss in Southern California were ravaged by wildfire. In fact. the remainder of the state watched in panic when fire destroyed places and supports. The same can be said when the Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans. In other parts of the state. there were calls for authorities aid for the victims of the catastrophe ; and. post-Hurricane Katrina. other parts of the state were really vocal in their unfavorable judgments of the administration’s deficiency of support for the victims of the catastrophe. His unfavorable judgment that metropoliss build establishments that keep their seniors out of sight is besides unsupported by grounds. This statement could be one manner of looking at city-sponsored installations that house and supply for the demands of the aged. but this is a deformed point of position. The fact that metropoliss build establishments that house their seniors is really the antonym of what Iks do in their society. Iks abandon their seniors when they can no longer assist in the assemblage of commissariats or fend for themselves. They do non esteem them and will travel even so far as to steal from them. The installations that metropoliss build or the establishments they create to house seniors is a manner of demoing that metropoliss care for their seniors and the metropoliss do non see them as disposable members of the community. A city’s purposes in making establishments and edifice installations are frequently baronial 1s. These activities are by and large viewe d as an activity that promote the general public assistance and are frequently dearly-won on the portion of the metropoliss. Despite the cost. many metropoliss give these benefits to their senior citizens. His unfavorable judgment that metropoliss defecate on theirs and everyone else’s doorsills. rivers and lakes and leave their rubbish everyplace is another headlong generalisation. This may be true for all or bulk of the metropoliss in old times. but this is no longer true in modern times. Waste and refuse is a fact of life. it is a merchandise of all beings. Cities of course bring forth big sums of this because there is a higher concentration of people per square metre in urban countries than in rural 1s. Waste direction is evidently a major concern. During the in-between ages. before the coming of indoor plumbing. the metropoliss in Europe throw their waste right out the window. This is no longer the instance since engineering has remedied this job for most metropoliss in the universe. The manner I see it. the deficiency of proper waste disposal in metropoliss is non because it finds that go forthing or throwing waste in its ain or another’s backyard as an diverting ma nner to hassle a adjacent metropolis or because it detests other metropoliss. It is merely because there are bigger fiscal and logistical issues that are involved when the population is condensed in a little infinite. Proper waste direction is a conflict for metropoliss mundane and progresss have been made. In fact. the new tendency seems to gravitate towards an environmentally-friendly life style. Businesss are looking for ways to do their merchandise eco-friendly. and portion of it is because of the ordinances imposed by metropoliss. Many metropoliss around the universe have ordinances restricting the emanations of a vehicle to a certain degree to minimise pollution. Some metropoliss require segregation of refuse so that reclaimable stuffs can be recycled and biodegradable stuffs can be disposed decently. Thomas said that Iks are like states. He finds states to be the groups most similar to the Iks in nature and behaviour. He said that states are avaricious. predatory. heartless and irresponsible. merely like the Iks. He besides said that states are as lone and egoistic as the Iks. He did non give any ground why he thinks states are all of those enumerated above. but he did state that states â€Å"bawl abuses from their doorsills. defecate into whole oceans. snap all the nutrient. take joy in the bad fortune of others celebrate the decease of others. populate for the decease of others. † Indeed states do all these things in the traffics of states with others. but this is exclusion and non the regulation of modern international dealingss. Alternatively of bellowing abuses from their doorsills. states are traveling towards globalisation. The fact that they are making so is a large cogent evidence against Thomas’ premiss. States formed the World Trade Organization to take o r lower trade barriers. Now. alternatively of blaring each other over trading right and districts. states come together to speak. They negotiate. they make grant and they create partnerships for the interest of continuing harmonious relationships with other states. It is true that this has non been ever been the instance. States used to travel to war for the interest of trade. but this pattern has been outgrown. In a manner. it can be said that states have managed to accommodate to their present universe. and this is really much unlike Iks. When I analyze Thomas’ decisions. I saw that he thinks that the Iks unnatural behaviour is really a normal reaction ; it is what happens when a group finds out that society has become impracticable for them. Thomas contradicted himself. This statement is an about turn from his earlier statement that the Iks are an anomalousness. He. in fact. thinks that the Iks’ behaviour is all around us. but alternatively of imputing Iks behaviour to man’s built-in evilness as the anthropologist who studied the Iks has done. he attributed it to groups. both big and little. He compared the behaviour of the Iks with â€Å"groups of one size or another. runing from commissions to nations† ( Thomas ) . My ain observation of groups’ behaviour showed that his decisions are non right. Cities and states have non â€Å"gone loony. † Cities show concern for their adjacent metropoliss. environment and their seniors. unlike the Iks. In modern times. states talk alterna tively of bash. They have realized that the public assistance of other states is inextricably bound to their ain and. for most parts. have acted in consequently. Work Cited Thomas. Lewis. TheIks. Name of Book. Publication. Year. page no.

Organizational Development free essay sample

Organizational Developments Purpose and Coherence modern outlook. Introduction A review of traditional and The only constant is change- Heraclites, 6th century B. C. , Greek philosopher. Organizational development has seen dramatic changes from earlier times till now. It has seen different phases in its Journey that started from sasss and is continuing till now. It has been through the phase when it was considered a movement and also the phase when it became unwanted in the organization. ODD has struggled hard to keep its significance alive in organizations and answer back to people raising questions to its effectiveness. But this struggle of ODD to increase its effectiveness by incorporating many other values to the original values, had given it a completely different look than what it was at the time of its birth. These changes and improvements have given a challenge to researchers to recognize ODD. This has also put a big question in front of all that Has ODD lost its sense of purpose and coherence? In this essay, firstly different arguments made by researchers about Odds origin, its values, how and why it changed and what it is now will be presented. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This will be followed by a discussion that will answer the question about Odds purpose and coherence and finally, a conclusion will be drawn on the basis of the discussions done. Literature review Odds history roots back to sasss, when few of its values were used without the ID label attached to it (Greener and Cummings, 2004). Cummings and Worker (2001) believe that ODD emerged from five major background- laboratory training, Action research/survey feedback, participative management, quality of work life and strategic change, the last two being very new concepts of ODD. However, the fundamental concept of ODD is based on Kurt Linens work of planned change (Burners, 2009). Many researchers and practitioners have continuously contributed to ODD practices to give it new dimensions. However, most of the work could be related to Kurt Linens Action Research Model, the three step model and phases of planned change model (Burners, 1996). While some scholars pursued a micro-psychological approach, others went in a macro-organizational direction and added values to ODD like achievement of self actualization, openness, personal recognition, less dogmatic approach to psychotherapy, organization wide participation of individuals and leadership which they thought will lead to organizational effectiveness (Greener and Cummings, 2004). The continuous contribution to the researchers and practitioners gave rise to traditional ODD values by which it tried to address the issue of stagnation and resistance to change, its causes and how resistance can be overcome (Workman, 2010). Operas and Bradford (2004) have stated that the traditional ODD model believed that physiologically healthier people will work better leading to a more effective and successful organization and therefore, ODD tried to make people more self competent, more self aware, less defensive, accept feedback, listen better, more empathetic, share power, thereby helping people work better in groups, find out better solutions and do better decision making. These changes in people were generally done by the change agents who used to follow a process that involves diagnosis of the problem, action, evaluation and further action and evaluation and self sustaining of the change in collaboration with the organization (Burners, 1996). Thus, Backyard (1969) fines that ODD is an effort l)planned ,2)organization-wide and 3)managed from the top, to 4) increase organization effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organizations processes using behavioral science knowledge. By the sasss and sasss ODD became self confident and dynamic (Grieves, 2000, p. 345). However, the growing enthusiasm of ODD didnt last long and during the late sasss and sasss ODD became a bad word in many companies and continues to be the same now also (Greener and Cummings, 2004). Operas and Bradford (2004) support this by saying ODD groups in organization did not reduce a lot of lasting changes that people could point out. Research says that ODD does not exist in 9% of the organizations and they use alternative terms like organizational effectiveness (Wackiest and Church, n. D. ). The question that arises is what happened to ODD in late sasss and sasss that it started losing its significance. In late sasss there were many criticisms made to ODD values. Greener and Cummings (2004) have pointed some of them like ODD values saw only human side I. E. Changing the individual and group behavior and overlooked Organizations strategy, control and structure. It also overemphasized on interpersonal values like openness and trust to change the informal culture of the organization on the expenses of effectiveness of the organization and tried to apply team work and openness to organizations that did not require so much of these values for its effective performance (Greener and Cummings 2004). In addition to these, Burners (1996) says that ODD did not look towards the political aspects. Furthermore, it did not analyze the compatibility of behavioral change with the strategy and culture of the organization (Greener and Cummings, 2004). These views have been complemented by Burners (1996, p. 86) who says it assumed that one type of approach to change is suitable for all organizations, all situations and all time. Adding to this, Operas and Bradford (2004) say that the change agents became like child with ODD as a hammer and who saw every problem as a nail and tried to fix it with the hammer. Still the question stays If these were the issues then why was ODD a success in sasss and why not now? Operas and Bradford (2004) point out that Organization to 1 s nave transformed themselves trot stable to unstable organizations with more mergers, acquisitions and globalization. The continuous hang in economic conditions, new technology and change in workforce are placing high demands on the organizations to change accordingly (Greener and Cummings, 2004). To meet the demands placed, organizations can make their suppliers their partners, customers their competitors, employees can become customers, suppliers or competitors, making the business environment highly complex (Burners, 1996). In this complex environment, it is also important for ODD to think that People change their behavior as a result of changes in the environment in which they work (Operas and Bradford 2004, p. 395). Neumann et al. 1999) believes that ODD practitioners have to think of structural changes (e. G. Organizational design) also. However, the change agents without realizing this, continued the same way of using the traditional ODD values to solve the problems of present organizations which were a lot different from those of sasss and hence, the results were not achieved (Operas and Bradford, 2004). To address the critics and to become effective in present organizations, a group of ODD practitioners emerged known as adapters who changed their thinking about how to intervene in an organization (Greener and Cummings, 2004). They used the emergent approach of ODD that took a broader understanding of problems and practice of managing change within a complex environment and observed that successful change is less dependent on detailed plans in a complex environment (Burners, 1996). Moreover, in turbulent times consultants should use a model of change that is situational and that indicates how to vary change strategies to achieve optimum fit with the changing environment (Burners, 1996). Furthermore, the change agents have to have more practical and theoretical insight to know what can be actually changed by their intervention (Institutors and Simian, 2010). Therefore, the consultants are no more using the same old ODD models which were more of a step by step approach, rather they are utilizing their own experiences of knowing what techniques will work in what situations depending on the culture and strategy of the organization (Bogged, 2002). The adaptive ODD practitioners started focusing on strategy, structure, work design, human resource practices and organization learning by which they could cope up with the organizational uncertainty (Burners, 1996). Newer ODD started utilizing reengineering efforts to make different tools available to employees for continuous improvement, use lean and flexible structure that enabled the organization to respond to changing condition (Greener and Cummings, 2004). But, many old ODD practitioners feel that to be relevant to real business issues like downsizing etc, ODD have neglected many fundamental values of its field that are integral to community like the organization-individual interface, the development of people, trust, inter- organizational relations etc (Burke, 1997). To make the changes effective, consultants also looked at the financial, political, technical and other factors affecting the business environment (Bradford and Burke, 2004). Thus values of business efficiency, expediency and short term gain have overridden original ODD values of involvement, trust and openness (Greener and Cummings, 2004). Burners (2009) adds that for ODD to maintain its relevance, it had to shift to an organization-wide transformation approach trot a group-based planned approach, thereby moving away trot its core humanist and democratic values. Greener and Cummings (2004), Operas and Bradford (2004) and Bradford and Burke (2004) feel that a broader view of changing organization, making the change open ended and using various other change sequences along with ODD for business effectiveness has today changed ODD completely and made the boundaries of ODD complex and blurred, thereby putting a serious question of what ODD is today? ODD now lacks a central, agreed upon theory of change or even approach to change now (Bradford and Burke, 2004). Operas and Bradford (2004) although agree to the fact that the values of ODD are important but say that ODD is irrelevant now as he believes ODD is everything so ODD is nothing. ODD, to address all the problems of the organization has added a lot to its boundaries and become irrelevant (Operas and Bradford, 2004). However, ODD has high potential to look for negotiation, mediation and conflict management issues to create a humane, productive and sustainable enterprises in 21st century (Burke,1997; Wringers et al. 2007). But, for this ODD has to stop weakening its discipline and has to define its boundary soon (Bradford and Burke, 2004; Leverages, 2010). Discussions From the literature review it can be observed that traditional ODD had very specific values which were more based on humanist and democratic values and had a planned way of approach. It was based on openness, trust, people having good legislations etc. Thus, the change agents thought how to change peoples behavior in a planned way so that they dont resist to the changes, become satisfied, work better both as individual and in group and hence organizational effectiveness will be achieved. Also as Burners (2009) points out change approach was limited to the group and not the organization as a whole. But, this could not be effective in todays organizations. With globalization, mergers and acquisitions the business environment has become very unstable, uncertain and the relationships have become very complex. The consultants need to understand the business environment and the situation before thinking of any intervention. The intervention done for a problem in Organization A might not be successful for the same problem in organization B because of cultural differences, internal and external politics and differences in the organizations overall strategy. But, the traditional ODD did not take into account all these factors and tried to address all the problems of the organization by changing individual and group behavior, overlooking the other aspects like strategy, politics, and culture of the organizations. Therefore, traditional ODD could no longer be successful. These problems led the ODD consultants to make it flexible rather than a planned approach and organization wide approach rather than a group approach. They started to develop interventions that would suit the culture, the structure and the strategy of the organizations. They also started using approaches like downsizing and reengineering which have values strikingly different than that of the traditional ODD values. As Greener and Cummings (2004) state that business efficiency and snort term gains (business profits) became more important Han Odds core values of trust, involvement etc. Moreover traditional ODD was people biased while the new ODD is more inclined towards the strategic broader view of the organization and thus cannot maintain those values which were more human based (people oriented). Thus new ODD practitioners in the thirst of making ODD self sufficient to solve all the problems of the present organizations have constantly increased its boundary to make it a organization wide approach and had made ODD to travel in a direction which is strikingly different from its original direction. This has put a fear that ODD might come too point where no one will recognize it and it will be also hard for ODD to come back to its starting point. Conclusion ODD is no more specific about its values and is no more a planned way of approach. It has transformed itself from a rigid approach to a flexible approach. It is no more people biased rather it has incorporated many other aspects of the business environment to be successful in solving the issues that the organizations are facing. In this process of designing the interventions based on the strategy of the organization, it has not only lost its traditional values, its original purpose and coherence but also is on a verge of losing its identity. However, a proper definition of ODD and strengthening of its values can help gain back its significance in the present scenario. Otherwise, ODD will completely lose its significance from the organizations and will soon see its values being used under some other label leading to non existence of ODD.

Expository Essay on Texting While Driving

Expository Essay on Texting While Driving Expository Essay on Texting While Driving In today’s world, cell phones play a central part in the lives of many people around the world. Tasks such as making calls, texting, taking photos and even surfing the Internet have not only been made easier but have also been made more possible for many more people. As a result, cell phone subscriptions continue to increase globally, As people continue to depend on cell phones for their communication needs, these devices not only become more useful but also more dangerous, especially when used at inappropriate times. One of the most dangerous ways to use cell phones is to text while driving. The available statistics sadly indicate that the number of the people who are engaged in accidents or even lose their lives because of texting while driving is on the increase. This can either mean that people do not really know the kind of danger that they place themselves in when they decide to text while driving or that they actually know the dangers but have chosen to ignore the w arnings. The action of many countries around the world to ban the use of cell phones while driving may have served to deter drivers from using their phones as they drive, but the increased number of causalities clearly demonstrates that there is still a lot more that needs to be done. One of the main reasons that make texting while driving very dangerous is that using the phone reduces a driver’s reaction time in traffic. on busy roads, the amount of time that one talks before reacting to a situation, in most cases, determines whether one gets to continue living. As much as it is both dangerous to call and text while driving, texting while driving is actually more dangerous because one has to constantly look at the screen of the phone in order to type or to read messages. The reduced attention on the road increases the chances that the driver will cause an accident because it reduces the time he has to react to traffic situations. Moreover, studies show that people who text while driving tend to accelerate more slowly after stepping on their brakes. This can cause irregularities for other drivers, leading to possible accidents. Also, since their eyes are more on the text than on the road, drivers who choose to text while driving have a much higher chance of hitting a pedestrian than those not distracted in driving. A large number of accidents, whether severe or not, usually occur within a twinkle of an eye. This means that just a moment of distraction is enough for a driver to cause a serious road accident. Given the many concerns, it is best if drivers were not only banned from texting but banned from using their phones in any way at all as they drive. Feel free to visit to order a custom expository essay about Texting While Driving written by certified academic writers.

Acid Anhydride Definition - Chemistry Glossary

Acid Anhydride Definition - Chemistry Glossary Acid Anhydride Definition: An acid anhydride is a nonmetal oxide which reacts with water to form an acidic solution. In organic chemistry, an acid anhydride is a functional group consisting of two acyl groups joined together by an oxygen atom. Acid anhydride also refers to compounds containing the acid anhydride functional group. Acid anhydrides are named from the acids that created them. The acid part of the name is replaced with anhydride. For example, the acid anhydride formed from acetic acid would be acetic anhydride. Sources IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book) (2006).Nelson, D. L.; Cox, M. M. (2000). Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 3rd Ed. Worth Publishing: New York. ISBN 1-57259-153-6.Panico R., Powell W.H., Richer J.C., eds. (1993). Recommendation R-5.7.7. A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds. IUPAC/Blackwell Science. pp. 123–25. ISBN 0-632-03488-2.

Event Study for Efficient Market Hypothesis- Ex dividend Data Dissertation

Event Study for Efficient Market Hypothesis- Ex dividend Data - Dissertation Example Anomalies in the expression of the standard, tax centric theory of stock performances have been noted and described. While a tax centric hypothesis has explanatory power, this study examines evidence that there are additional forces of corporate governance, ownership concentration, and market capitalization that can adjust the performance of dividends independent of taxation. This study is a meta-analysis describing the Western standard for market forces pertaining to dividend taxation, on the assumption that stock prices must be adjusted to less than the amount of the dividend in order to compensate for taxation. Yet comparison with Asian markets introduces exceptions to that premise. Ultimately, more data is needed in order to falsify the tax centric hypothesis, however this principle is a subject to modification and interference by other market forces that influence the behaviors of investors and the performance of stocks. EVENT STUDY FOR EFFICIENT MARKET HYPOTHESIS – EX DI VIDEND DATA Table of Contents Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p. 2 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p. 4 Methodology †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p. 7 Chapter 1: Literature Review †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p. 8 Chapter 2: Korean Markets †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p. ... 31 Introduction Since the advent of tradable stocks on the national and international markets there has been a great deal of calculation and speculation in regards to the relationship between stock returns and dividend yields, both in the informal imagination of financial advisors, as well as in the formalized literature therein. Decades ago, popularize models of tax effects created the presumption that higher risk investments were necessary to compensate for returns that incurred greater taxes. Returns on investments should be risk adjusted with respect to stocks. This would compensate the investor for higher rates of taxation through higher dividend yields. This is necessary due to higher levels of taxation of dividend income as compared with capital gains income. (Brennan, 1970 p.417-427) To be specific, dividend income refers to profits yielded by a publicly traded corporation. In which case of course, the profits can be turned back into the business, to invest in facility enhanc ements, or possibly salaries – in which case they qualify as retained earnings. Or they can be distributed to shareholders who provided initial investments that contributed to the company's initial success. All in respect to the initial contribution based upon the value and number of shares purchased by a particular investor. (Sullivan and Sheffrin, 2003) these may take a variety of forms, such as currency cash dividends, Stock/scrip dividends that constitute additional shares of the Corporation, or property dividends, which can take a variety of forms including shares of another corporation or other assets or services. (Sullivan and Sheffrin, 2003) In many cases, taxation rates are higher for dividend income compared with capital gains. To be specific, we are referring to capital

What is engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is engineering - Essay Example In that context, the scope of engineering is very expansive and ubiquitous. If one tries to grasp the attributes of engineering in a very simple and concise manner, it is a science that has to do with making things happen. If I take a casual look at most of the machines and products that I use are it the kitchen stove, elevator, water heater, computers, smart phones or automobiles, these are the gadgets that do certain specific things. These are the products or machines that solve many human problems, and these machines or gadgets have been made possible by the science or discipline of engineering. Hence, I strongly believe that engineering is a science that helps humanity solve or deal with the difficult tasks and problems it faces in the everyday life. Engineering does so by using the available scientific knowledge to contrive technologies, which help in the invention and production of varied innovative products and gadgets. These gadgets or machines may vary from being simple bicycles to space ships and rockets. In that sense I simply cannot help marvell ing at the versatility of the science of engineering. The amazing thing is that engineering is a discipline which I believe has revolutionized every aspect of the modern life. I cannot find any aspect of the contemporary life that has not been influenced by engineering. For instance computer engineers have to do with the designing and fabrication of the computer hardware and software, which could be used to solve many complex issues and tasks. Automobile engineers design and make varied cars and automobiles that are intended to fulfil specific aims and objectives like assuring minimal fuel consumption or having the ability to run on alternative fuels. When I look at such astounding technologies, I cannot help believing that many of the comforts and wonders of the modern life would never have been possible, but for

Information System Essay Example for Free

Information System Essay Locating applicable peer-reviewed articles is certainly a necessary condition for a literature review (Shaw, 1995b); however, it is not a sufficient condition. The data contained in the sources identified must be processed into information that can serve as a foundation upon which new research can be built (Bem, 1995). Accomplishing this processing entails sophisticated cognitive activity. Although the methodology for evaluating the results of that cognitive activity has been explored rather thoroughly (Boote Beile, 2005; Hart, 1999), the ways and means for actually accomplishing the necessary processing is less clearly understood (Wu, 2005). How can the new or novice researcher learn to effectively use the articles he or she locates to build the necessary foundation? There is certainly no shortage of theories regarding human learning (Gagne, Briggs Wagner, 1992; Jonassen, Tessmer, Hannum, 1999). Blooms Taxonomy† (â€Å"Taxonomy†) (Bloom, Engelhart, Furst, Hill, Krathwohl, 1956) has been shown to both effectively describe the learning process and offer meaningful insight into promoting development within the cognitive domain (Andrews Wynekoop, 2004; Manton, Turner, English, 2004; Noble, 2004; Zahn, Rajkumar, Zahn, 1996). Two concepts are integral to the Taxonomy: cognitive capability is a developmental process that can be tracked through a series of steps, and each step of cognitive development can be identified by a number of specific types of behaviors. In effect, the Taxonomy provides a set of sequential steps, each of which requires gradually more cognitively demanding activities that the researcher should do in developing the skill to transform the raw data of numerous literature sources into an effective literature review. The following sections provide a review of each of the Taxonomy steps, with emphasis on the sequential process that a given step is as the foundation for the followed step. A methodological review of past literature is a crucial endeavor for any academic research work (Webster Watson, 2002). The need to uncover what is already known in the body of knowledge prior to initiating any research study should not be underestimated (Hart, 1999). Some fields of study have chronically suffered from lack of proper literature review, which in turn has hindered theoretical and conceptual progress (Shaw, 1995a). Webster and Watson (2002) also criticized the Information Systems (IS) field for having very few theories and outlets for quality literature review. Moreover, they noted that the IS field may greatly benefit from an effective methodological literature review in order to strengthen IS as a field of study (Webster Watson Student Information System Student Information System We’ve heard that those who work for small higher education institutions live by a certain mantra: â€Å"Recruit. Retain. Solicit. † Sound familiar? Sounds easy enough — but not when it’s a task that needs to be completed for each of your hundreds or even thousands of students. Almost every higher education institution uses software to store its data. You wouldn’t accept an applicant’s information without having a place to put it, and accepting applications is just the beginning of the cycle — once students are accepted, you need to ensure that you store their information in a secure place, keep it up to date, and share it with all your institution’s offices so it can be used easily and efficiently throughout each student’s entire lifecycle. Blackbaud’s solution for small colleges — Blackbaud Student Information System — makes it easier for you and your staff to overcome your daily challenges so your institution stands apart from the rest. There are many benefits of Blackbaud Student Information System: Your admissions office can: * Easily import data from external sources * Identify your best prospective students, how many applicants you have, and next steps to move each applicant through the process * Accept inquiries and applications online with our NetInquiry and Online Application solutions * Capture information needed for admissions, such as education istory, activities, test scores, interview notes, and more * Track detailed relationships of applicants and students to assist in the recruiting process * Perform any type of demographic analysis (ethnicity, religion, gender, etc. ) * Communicate application status via letters, emails, or your website * Standardize, simplify, and expedite the process with communication and checklist management features * Keep financial aid information, including qualification and grant amounts, in one central location, simplifying the student nformation Systems Considering today’s economy, many organizations must look for ways to improve and gain advantage over their competitors; they should be ambitious and aggressive in every aspect of their business and intelligently make use of their resources. Information can be crucial in achieving a successful management goal. An organizations use of information as a resource is essential in accomplishing and achieving its definitive goals. Information system is the collection, processing, storing, analyzing, and dissemination of information for a specific purpose. Most business organizations today consist of functional departments such as Accounting, HR, Finance, Marketing, etc. , rely on computers and information technology to manage their information systems. The purpose of this paper is to show how various information systems and application software administer to the marketing department, human resources department, and accounting department of an organization.

Comparing the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire Essay -- Han Dynasty vs

The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire were two grand empires that rose out of preexisting territories and provided relative peace over wide areas. The collapse of the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE), which was the first great land-based empire in East Asia, came after a period of war, confusion, and tyrannical rule. Due to the political disorder that stemmed from the early dynastic activity, the emergence of the Han Dynasty (206 BCE- 228 CE) sprung to focus on restoring order. On the other hand, the rise of the Roman Empire (44 BCE- 476 CE) originated from consolidating authority over aristocratic landlords and overriding the democratic elements of the earlier Republic. Instead, the Roman Empire redefined the concept of â€Å"citizen† as subjects to the Roman emperor. Both empires shared similar agendas to exploit their vast territories and resources, which helped them expand their political dominance; however, despite having similar political goals and foundations, their government system, cultural ideologies and imperial expansionist natures diverged. Both the Han and Roman empires emphasized on territorial expansions. By utilizing their powerful militaries, they consolidated their power within and across borders, which created stable trade networks for their economic bases. Land equated to wealth and power. Through integration of the local domains, both empires succeeded in political stability. For the Han Empire, their expansion abroad pushed through ecological limits under Emperor Wu Di ( 181-87 BCE), who made military service compulsory. The army expanded bordered into northern Vietnam and southeastern China. Although there were military threats from the Xiongnu, the nomadic people of the north, Wu launched defense attacks that made ... ... weaker state will remain neutral from a military strength. Melians’ loss reaffirms the absolute power of imperial conquests and nationalism in theories of realism. Since the Melians were allied with the Spartans and failed to cooperate, it is justifiable that the Athenians had the right to want to rule and invade the Melians as means to protect their own strengths. Works Cited Gochberg, Donald S. World Literature and Thought. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt College, 1997. Print. Pomeranz, Kenneth, James Buchanan. Given, Laura Jane Mitchell, and Robert L. Tignor.Worlds Together, Worlds Apart: A Companion Reader. New York: W.W. Norton &, 2011. Print. Polybius, Rome at the End of the Punic Wars. Ancient History Sourcebook Poetry of the Han Dynasty Thucydides, The Melian Debate Tung Chung-Shu, Luxuriant Gems of the Spring and Autumn Annals.

Battle of Marathon

The battle of Marathon is one of history's most famous military engagements. It is also one of the earliest recorded battles. Their victory over the Persian invaders gave the fledgling com/world-history-unit-3/">Greek city states confidence in their ability to defend themselves and belief in their continued existence. The battle is therefore considered a defining moment in the development of European culture. In September of 490 BC a Persian armada of 600 ships disgorged an invasion force of approximately 20,000 infantry and cavalry on Greek soil just north of Athens.Their mission was to crush the Greek states in retaliation for their support of their Ionian cousins who had revolted against Persian rule. Undaunted by the numerical superiority of the invaders, Athens mobilized 10,000 hoplite warriors to defend their territory. The two armies met on the Plain of Marathon twenty-six miles north of Athens. The flat battlefield surrounded by hills and sea was ideal for the Persian cavalry . Surveying the advantage that the terrain and size of their force gave to the Persians, the Greek generals hesitated.One of the Greek generals – Miltiades – made a passionate plea for boldness and convinced his fellow generals to attack the Persians. Miltiades ordered the Greek hoplites to form a line equal in length to that of the Persians. Then – in an act that his enemy believed to be complete madness – he ordered his Greek warriors to attack the Persian line at a dead run. In the ensuing melee, the middle of the Greek line weakened and gave way, but the flanks were able to engulf and slaughter the trapped Persians. An estimated 6,400 Persians were slaughtered while only 192 Greeks were killed.The remaining Persians escaped on their ships and made an attempt to attack what they thought was an undefended Athens. However, the Greek warriors made a forced march back to Athens and arrived in time to thwart the Persians. â€Å"With you it rests, Callimach us† – Indecision before battle Known as the â€Å"Father of History†, Herodotus wrote his description of the battle a few years after it occurred. We join his account as the Athenians arrive at the battleground and are joined by a force of approximately 1000 of their Plataean allies.The Greek military leaders split on whether they should immediately attack the invaders or wait for reinforcements: ADVERTISMENT â€Å"The Athenians were drawn up in order of battle in a sacred close belonging to Heracles, when they were joined by the Plataeans, who came in full force to their aid. The Athenian generals were divided in their opinions. Some advised not to risk a battle, because they were too few to engage such a host as that of the Persians. Others were for fighting at once. Among these last was Miltiades.He therefore, seeing that opinions were thus divided, and that the less worthy counsel appeared likely to prevail, resolved to go to the polemarch [an honored dignit ary of Athens], and have a conference with him. For the man on whom the lot fell to be polemarch at Athens was entitled to give his vote with the ten generals, since anciently the Athenians allowed him an equal right of voting with them. The polemarch at this juncture was Callimachus of Aphidnre; to him therefore Miltiades went, and said:‘With you it rests, Callimachus, either to bring Athens to slavery, or, by securing her freedom, to be remembered by all future generations. For never since the time that the Athenians became a people were they in so great a danger as now. If they bow their necks beneath the yoke of the Persians, the woes which they will have to suffer†¦ are already determined. If, on the other hand, they fight and overcome, Athens may rise to be the very first city in Greece. ‘ ‘We generals are ten in number, and our votes are divided: half of us wish to engage, half to avoid a combat.Now, if we do not fight, I look to see a great disturbance at Athens which will shake men's resolutions, and then I fear they will submit themselves. But, if we fight the battle before any unsoundness shows itself among our citizens,†¦ we are well able to overcome the enemy. ‘ ‘On you therefore we depend in this matter, which lies wholly in your own power. You have only to add your vote to my side and your country will be free – and not free only, but the first state in Greece.Or, if you prefer to give your vote to them who would decline the combat, then the reverse will follow. ‘ Miltiades by these words gained Callimachus; and the addition of the polemarch's vote caused the decision to be in favor of fighting. ‘† The Battle Begins Miltiades arranges the Greek line of battle so that it stretches the length of the opposing, and far superior, Persian army. Then, much to the surprise of the Persians, he orders the Greek warriors to charge headlong into the enemy line. â€Å"The Athenians†¦ char ged the barbarians at a run.Now the distance between the two armies was little short of eight furlongs [approximately a mile] The Persians, therefore, when they saw the Greeks coming on at speed, made ready to receive them, although it seemed to them that the Athenians were bereft of their senses, and bent upon their own destruction; for they saw a mere handful of men coming on at a run without either horsemen or archers. Such was the opinion of the barbarians; but the Athenians in close array fell upon them, and fought in a manner worthy of being recorded.They were the first of the Greeks, so far as I know, who introduced the custom of charging the enemy at a run, and they were likewise the first who dared to look upon the Persian garb, and to face men clad in that fashion. Until this time the very name of the Persians had been a terror to the Greeks to hear. The two armies fought together on the plain of Marathon for a length of time; and in the mid-battle the barbarians were vict orious, and broke and pursued the Greeks into the inner country; but on the two wings the Athenians and  the Plataeans defeated the enemy .Having so done, they suffered the routed barbarians to fly at their ease, and joining the two wings in one, fell upon those who had broken their own center, and fought and conquered them. These likewise fled, and now the Athenians hung upon the runaways and cut them down, chasing them all the way to the shore, on reaching which they laid hold of the ships and called aloud for fire. † The Persians Attack AthensMiltiades arranges the Greek line of battle so that it stretches the length of the opposing, and far superior, Persian army. Then, much to the surprise of the Persians, he orders the Greek warriors to charge headlong into the enemy line. â€Å"†¦ the Athenians secured in this way seven of the vessels; while with the remainder the barbarians pushed off, and taking aboard their Eretrian prisoners from the island where they had le ft them, doubled Cape Sunium, hoping to reach Athens before the return of the Athenians.The Persians accordingly sailed round Sunium. But the Athenians with all possible speed marched away to the defense of their city, and succeeded in reaching Athens before the appearance of the barbarians†¦ The barbarian fleet arrived, and lay to off Phalerum, which was at that time the haven of Athens; but after resting awhile upon their oars, they departed and sailed away to Asia. â€Å" Battle of Marathon The battle of Marathon is one of history's most famous military engagements. It is also one of the earliest recorded battles. Their victory over the Persian invaders gave the fledgling Greek city states confidence in their ability to defend themselves and belief in their continued existence. The battle is therefore considered a defining moment in the development of European culture. In September of 490 BC a Persian armada of 600 ships disgorged an invasion force of approximately 20,000 infantry and cavalry on Greek soil just north of Athens.Their mission was to crush the Greek states in retaliation for their support of their Ionian cousins who had revolted against Persian rule. Undaunted by the numerical superiority of the invaders, Athens mobilized 10,000 hoplite warriors to defend their territory. The two armies met on the Plain of Marathon twenty-six miles north of Athens. The flat battlefield surrounded by hills and sea was ideal for the Persian cavalry. Surveying the advantage t hat the terrain and size of their force gave to the Persians, the Greek generals hesitated.One of the Greek generals – Miltiades – made a passionate plea for boldness and convinced his fellow generals to attack the Persians. Miltiades ordered the Greek hoplites to form a line equal in length to that of the Persians. Then – in an act that his enemy believed to be complete madness – he ordered his Greek warriors to attack the Persian line at a dead run. In the ensuing melee, the middle of the Greek line weakened and gave way, but the flanks were able to engulf and slaughter the trapped Persians. An estimated 6,400 Persians were slaughtered while only 192 Greeks were killed.The remaining Persians escaped on their ships and made an attempt to attack what they thought was an undefended Athens. However, the Greek warriors made a forced march back to Athens and arrived in time to thwart the Persians. â€Å"With you it rests, Callimachus† – Indecisi on before battle Known as the â€Å"Father of History†, Herodotus wrote his description of the battle a few years after it occurred. We join his account as the Athenians arrive at the battleground and are joined by a force of approximately 1000 of their Plataean allies.The Greek military leaders split on whether they should immediately attack the invaders or wait for reinforcements: ADVERTISMENT â€Å"The Athenians were drawn up in order of battle in a sacred close belonging to Heracles, when they were joined by the Plataeans, who came in full force to their aid. The Athenian generals were divided in their opinions. Some advised not to risk a battle, because they were too few to engage such a host as that of the Persians. Others were for fighting at once. Among these last was Miltiades.He therefore, seeing that opinions were thus divided, and that the less worthy counsel appeared likely to prevail, resolved to go to the polemarch [an honored dignitary of Athens], and have a conference with him. For the man on whom the lot fell to be polemarch at Athens was entitled to give his vote with the ten generals, since anciently the Athenians allowed him an equal right of voting with them. The polemarch at this juncture was Callimachus of Aphidnre; to him therefore Miltiades went, and said:‘With you it rests, Callimachus, either to bring Athens to slavery, or, by securing her freedom, to be remembered by all future generations. For never since the time that the Athenians became a people were they in so great a danger as now. If they bow their necks beneath the yoke of the Persians, the woes which they will have to suffer†¦ are already determined. If, on the other hand, they fight and overcome, Athens may rise to be the very first city in Greece. ‘ ‘We generals are ten in number, and our votes are divided: half of us wish to engage, half to avoid a combat.Now, if we do not fight, I look to see a great disturbance at Athens which will shake men's resolutions, and then I fear they will submit themselves. But, if we fight the battle before any unsoundness shows itself among our citizens,†¦ we are well able to overcome the enemy. ‘ ‘On you therefore we depend in this matter, which lies wholly in your own power. You have only to add your vote to my side and your country will be free – and not free only, but the first state in Greece.Or, if you prefer to give your vote to them who would decline the combat, then the reverse will follow. ‘ Miltiades by these words gained Callimachus; and the addition of the polemarch's vote caused the decision to be in favor of fighting. ‘† The Battle Begins Miltiades arranges the Greek line of battle so that it stretches the length of the opposing, and far superior, Persian army. Then, much to the surprise of the Persians, he orders the Greek warriors to charge headlong into the enemy line. â€Å"The Athenians†¦ charged the barbarians at a run .Now the distance between the two armies was little short of eight furlongs [approximately a mile] The Persians, therefore, when they saw the Greeks coming on at speed, made ready to receive them, although it seemed to them that the Athenians were bereft of their senses, and bent upon their own destruction; for they saw a mere handful of men coming on at a run without either horsemen or archers. Such was the opinion of the barbarians; but the Athenians in close array fell upon them, and fought in a manner worthy of being recorded.They were the first of the Greeks, so far as I know, who introduced the custom of charging the enemy at a run, and they were likewise the first who dared to look upon the Persian garb, and to face men clad in that fashion. Until this time the very name of the Persians had been a terror to the Greeks to hear. The two armies fought together on the plain of Marathon for a length of time; and in the mid-battle the barbarians were victorious, and broke and pursu ed the Greeks into the inner country; but on the two wings the Athenians andthe Plataeans defeated the enemy . Having so done, they suffered the routed barbarians to fly at their ease, and joining the two wings in one, fell upon those who had broken their own center, and fought and conquered them. These likewise fled, and now the Athenians hung upon the runaways and cut them down, chasing them all the way to the shore, on reaching which they laid hold of the ships and called aloud for fire. † The Persians Attack AthensMiltiades arranges the Greek line of battle so that it stretches the length of the opposing, and far superior, Persian army. Then, much to the surprise of the Persians, he orders the Greek warriors to charge headlong into the enemy line. â€Å"†¦ the Athenians secured in this way seven of the vessels; while with the remainder the barbarians pushed off, and taking aboard their Eretrian prisoners from the island where they had left them, doubled Cape Sunium, hoping to reach Athens before the return of the Athenians.The Persians accordingly sailed round Sunium. But the Athenians with all possible speed marched away to the defense of their city, and succeeded in reaching Athens before the appearance of the barbarians†¦ The barbarian fleet arrived, and lay to off Phalerum, which was at that time the haven of Athens; but after resting awhile upon their oars, they departed and sailed away to Asia. † References: Herodotus's account appears in: Davis, William Sterns, Readings in Ancient History (1912); Creasy, Edward, The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World (1969). Battle of Marathon Despite of the disadvantaged conditions of Athenians, according to the records of Herodotus, their victory was still achieved through well-planned military strategy by the leading of Miltiades, and by taking advantage over the terrain and weather during war. Introduction From the very start of the war preparation, the smile of victory was not even a glimpse clear to Athenians.The Athenians learned the Persian army were soon sailing from Eretria to Marathon, and with this knowledge, they commenced their preparation for battle (6. 1023).The Athenians were completely beginning their combat in a disadvantaged state. During their preparation, external and internal conflicts occurred that held them unable to form alliance with other Greek nations. From Herodotus accounts, the internal problems occurred mainly due to the division in the ten Athenian generals (6. 109).They were arguing the most convenient military strategy, but the military had doubts as to whether they should give bank agai nst the enemy outside the city or else allow the situation to lead out a siege (Grote 2001 304).By quantity, the records of Persians and Sacaes’ army surpassed the union of Athenians and Plataeans (6. 113).Therefore, the triumph of Persians was initially more conceivable due to their immense battling power and the disadvantaged condition of Athens. Discussion Disadvantages of Athens Over Persians During the Battle With the historical accounts on Athenian versus Persian’s military, Athens suffered the most in terms of military quantity and conflicting military strategy. The Persian army came across the Aegean Sea on a large fleet. Their fleet’s first activity destroyed the small city of Eretria on Euboea, and then crossed over to Attica.Considering this illustration, the Athenians were vastly outnumbered by the Persian fleets. The only military advantage of Athenians was to meet the Persian army in land (Dandamaev 1989 178). However, even by land, the Athenians w ere in a difficult position and they initially had no reason to hope for assistance outside their realm. An estimate of the Persian army in 490 B. C. —at about 4,000 to 6,000 warriors, including 500 to 800 mounted men- overpowered Athenian’s fleet. Meanwhile, as with the Greeks, there were large numbers of unarmored men but still smaller in quantity compared with the Persians.In addition to this, the neighboring districts, such as Bocotia, could have posed as Greek allies, but turned against them by openly welcoming the advent of the Persians (Creasy 1863 50; Grote 2001 304). Fortunately, the Athenians were able to find alliance with the Plataeans to combat the Persians (6. 111).In terms of internal problems of Athens, political disagreements were occurring during the time of their war preparation, which gravely placed Athens in a disadvantage position over the Persians. The last tyrant of Athens who was deprived of his power and exiled from Athens was Hippias. However , He was given a position by the Persians as governor of the town of Sigeum on the Hellespont in order to illustrate the illusion of their political generosity to Greeks (Creasy 1863 52).The political strife continued between the aristocrats and the democratic party. In particular, there was the noble family of the Alcmeonids (who had been deprived of their power by their political opponent Miltiades) united itself with the adherents of Hippias and hoped to return Hippias power with their political strife. Some of the Athenians were prepared to help the Persian and without publicly acclaiming so, hoped for their victory. Now, at an advanced age, he returned with the Persian army to Attica where his secret adherents awaited him (Grote 2001 305).Many Greek Elites were opposed to the risky war with the Persians, since the defeat from war would lose their riches and influence (Dandamaev 1989 177).Some were tempted to surrender the city to the Persian and to take all possible advantage f rom this voluntary submission. The Strategies of War by Persians Under the guidance of Hippias, the former ruler of Athens, the Persians chose the plain of Marathon for their debarkation area (Creasy 1863 53).The mission of the Persian commanders Datis and Artaphernes were the first to debark the army at some point on the Athenian coast, and then to attack and conquer the city of Athens itself. Arguing, if an Athenian army should appear in the open countryside, then it would first had to be defeated and driven back (Grote 2001 304).Unfortunately, the Athenians were unable to determine the landing point of the Persians. It was at a distance of about nineteen miles from Athens and their landing point was unguarded by Athens. As for these statements, the Athenians were completely disadvantaged in their positions of war towards the Persians.However, the argument still lies on how Athenians were able to combat the Persians and attain victor. When the Persian army disembarked at Marathon, there was considerable disagreement in the Athenian assembly concerning the tactics for the impending battle with the Persians. Miltiades, the leader of the conservative farmers who was once Athenian strategoi (the highest military commanders), feared betrayal from the side of the pro-Persian faction and therefore insisted on an immediate advance upon the Persians (Dandamaev 1989 179).In addition from Herodotus accounts, the ten military generals of Athens were divided with the opinions on how to strategize the war (6. 109).Athenians were confronted with political division, military disorganized tactics, and an army with mostly unarmored peasants. The Acts of Miltiades and the Turn to Athenian Victor From the discussed portions of this study depicting the weakness of Athens both externally and internally, their side was still able to triumph the war. From the accounts of historian Gillis, the Athenian army consisted of about 10,000 men who marched to the plain of Marathon.There wer e also approximately 1,000 men from the allied Boeotian town of Plataea, located at the border of Attica (44). The Athenians did not expect help from the other Greeks because the neighboring Greeks were already indifferent towards the fate of Athens, which had the impudence to wage war against â€Å"the Great Kin†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. Moreover, other neighboring Greeks considered the alliance to Persian army against Athens, such as the neighboring island of Aegina, which for long had been a rival of Athens.Athens was condemned in loosing the battle unless formations of ally were to be made. Fortunately, it was Miltiades, who resolved the issues of alliance, with his agreement with Callimachus (Herodotus, 6. 110).In addition, Miltiades resolved the conflict of the ten generals rendering their internal military forces unified. At the same time, from the accounts of Gillis, the famous runner Pheidippides was sent to Sparta in order to present the Athenian request for help (44).The Spartans promised assistance but they did not hasten to send out their soldiers as there was an old belief that it was impossible to start a campaign before a full moon (MacGregor 2005 194). Sparta was afraid that the Persians, after conquering Attica, would advance towards the Peloponnesus and set up a naval blockade of the peninsula (Gillis 1831 44).Many from the Athenian Elites and civilians were opposed to immediate action of war; however, Miltiades and his adherents finally managed to persuade the Athenians to attack and defeat the Persians. It should be noted that the Persian army was encamped in the open plain where it was possible for them to deploy their cavalry. The Athenians, who were without cavalry, had assembled in a narrow part of the plain.The terrain was an advantage for Athenians as it offered no advantages to the Persian horsemen. In the meantime, the situation of the Persian army had deteriorated, and the Persian commander Datis, awaiting in vain some sign from his friend s in Athens, was forced to rake a decision as to the necessary course of action (Gillis 1831 44).He apparently knew about the Spartan decision to march towards Attica after the next full moon, and wanted to decide the war before their arrival (Mure 1853 130).At the same time, he was unable to move his army towards the defile where the Athenians were entrenched. Datis attentively followed events at Athens, whence he expected the signal (a shield lifted up above the city walls) that would indicate the city had come under the control of the adherents of the dethroned tyrant, Hippias (Mure 1853 132).In Athens, the supporters of the Persians were ready to act, but they could not decide on whether to take the risk or not. Thus, in their turn, they waited for the Persian army to defeat the Athenians (Gillis 1831 45). The battle commenced on the morning of the 12th of August, 490 B. C. (for the chronology, see Burn 1970:257). The Athenians quickly lined up, left their defensive position in the narrows and in a quick march descended down the defile to the enemy (Mure 1853 132).The front line of the Athenians was as wide as that of the Persians, although in the centre the Athenian ranks were not as deep. The disposition of both armies was in accordance with the traditions of both sides: the Persians positioned the best troops in the centre, while the Greeks usually attempted at all cost to fight a victory on the flanks and subsequently to turn upon the centre of the enemy ranks. When full moon had come, Sparta sent 2,000 soldiers to the assistance of the Athenians. However, Spartan force arrived when the battle had already been decided. The Spartans looked with interest at the corpses of the fallen Persians, as most of them had never seen Persians before (Mure 1853 132).The victory at Marathon was the first success of the Greeks in the wars with the Persians who had previously seemed invincible (MacGregor 2005 194).ConclusionThe defeat of the Persians was caused by a co mbination of factors. First, although their army to a certain degree surpassed in number that of the Athenians, only part of the Persian troops could take part in the battle, while the cavalry could not join in at all and had to remain idle. Second, the Persians were campaigning in an unknown country and had been forced to make a long journey to arrive at Marathon.Third, the heavily armed Greek foot soldiers, the hoplites, were protected by iron armour, and as a result, the lightly armed Persian elite troops could not breach their ranks. Fourth and of considerable significance, is the fact that the Athenian army was commanded by the talented general Miltiades, who was well acquainted with Persian military tactics.Works CitedPrimary Resources: Rawlinson, George, and Herodotus. The Persian Wars by Herodotus: Book 6 – ERATO. 1942.Secondary Resources: Creasy, Edward S. The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World, from Marathon to Waterloo. Harper, 1863.Dandamaev, D A. A Political H istory of the Achaemenid Empire. BRILL, 1989.George, Grote S. A History of Greece: From the Time of Solon to 403 Bc. Routledge, 2001.Gillis, John S. The History of Ancient Greece: Its Colonies and Conquests. Thomas Wardle, 1831.MacGregor, MacGregor. The Story of Greece. Yesterday's Classics, 2006.Mure, William S. A critical history of the language and literature of antient Greece. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1853.

Go Sound the Trumpet Synopsis

Rodney Carey African American History Dr. Reginald Ellis Go Sound the Trumpet: Synopsis In the book Go Sound the Trumpet by Canter Brown Jr. , he talks about the documentation of different African Communities in Florida and the communities of the freed slaves. He tells us what happened to slaves after they were freed and where they went. Some of these communities he described as unidentified and he talked about one in particular that escaped identification. Information about the community known as Angola had come up and suggested they were in The Bahamas.A few months after this information came up; John M. Goggin released additional information and offered new insight on the community. The Bahamian Department of Archives published additional documentary evidence in 1980 regarding Seminole Settlements at Red Bays, Andros. It took another decade before the link between the Bahamian exiles and the old Florida homes of the slaves was established. Another author offered details where neig hboring Cuban fishermen identified a community with the name Angola, which had existed as a focus for diplomatic and economic activities within the broader Atlantic world.He argued that its presence additionally had created impacts that influenced the course of United States history and, to a lesser extent, the British and Spanish Empires. Some basic facts of the story are shortly after English planters, primarily from Barbados, found what is now known as South Carolina in 1670; Spanish colonial officials decided to weaken, if not destroy, the Carolinian initiative. They did this by attempting to undermine an economy that based itself on slave labor while also commanding efforts to grant greater protection for St.Augustine against English incursions. Authorities addressed the latter goal in part by construction of the massive stone fortress still known as the Castillo de San Marcos and, in 1683; they initiated a black military service tradition through authorization of the colonyâ⠂¬â„¢s first free black and mulatto militia companies. In 1683 the government granted freedom to runaway slaves from Carolina, regardless of race, as long as the runaways agreed to convert to Roman Catholicism.This was a crucial step toward the goal of undermining Carolinian slavery. The book also talks about another initiative that involved the authorization of a free black town located north of St. Augustine; this was caused by the founding of Georgia in the early 1730’s. The Patriot War of 1812-1814 involved Georgians teaming with several individuals who had arrived in East Florida from the United States since the Revolutionary War in their attempt to overthrow Spanish rule in the colony; they were unsuccessful.In September 1812, Seminoles and their black vassals, allied with Spain to turn back a Patriot advance. After this, English plans moved toward the introduction of chattel slavery into the colony. This resulted in the dispersal of the majority of its few remaining fr ee black inhabitants to small settlements in the remote peninsula, with many maroons associating with Seminole Indians, who were also recent arrivals from Georgia. In 1784, Spain returned to power which brought reinstatement of the asylum policy, and a rise in Florida’s maroon population.Fort Mose however, remained an abandoned ruin, and for the time being, no equivalent community rose within the colony. After the Patriot War, black refugees hurried themselves into the Manatee River because the site of their black settlement there was located on a point of land at the Braden-Manatee River. At the Manatee, the refugees took advantage of opportunities for trading deer skins, plumes, and agricultural crops for desired goods. There were also relatively easy channels of communication to Spanish officials at Havana and elsewhere at this spot.Records left by two of the Cuban fishermen preserved the name of the black community, Angola. Although these blacks got to the Manatee River i n 1812, the book suggests that they may have lived there for years before this; at least on a seasonal basis. There was a letter found from an English merchant that supports the possibility that the maroons had centered their activities in the area of the Manatee River as early as 1772. It described the keys to the south of Tampa Bay as the â€Å"haunt of the picaroons of all nations. As Angola inhabitants built their community, word of their existence spread not just within the Spanish Empire but also to the British. Two officers, Edward Nicolls and George Woodbine, recruited men there for British operations along the Gulf coast during the War of 1812. Following the Battle of New Orleans in January of 1815, Nicolls and Woodbine managed to enlist about 400 black warriors in Florida and returned most of their men to the Apalachicola River area. Upstream at Prospect Bluff, they had facilitated construction of a fortified outpost, known as the Negro Fort.The two officers had also crea ted Florida’s second free-black refuge of the period while likely enhanced Angola’s population. Surviving papers of the merchant concern John Forbes & Company hinted at Woodbine’s possible return to that vicinity in 1815 with eighty â€Å"slaves. † There was a raid in 1821 that destroyed the Angola community. Brown talks about records available today that contain subtle references that suggest that the memories of the 1821 raid remained vivid in survivors’ minds just as the recollections of the Battle of the Suwannee did.There was an interview by Jan Carew; with one of the descendants on Andros in 1972 about memories of the battle where she said â€Å"I heard ‘bout the battle of Swannee against General Jackson, my grandmother tell me ‘bout it and her grandmother tell her ‘bout it long before,†. She continued to say â€Å"Stories like that does come down to us with voices in the wind, she tell me how the Old Ones used to ta lk ‘bout the look on them white soldiers faces when they see Black fighters looking like they grow outta the swamp grass and the hammocks, coming at them with gun and cutlass.Jackson get hurt at the Swannee man. The ancestors brutalized him there. † She concluded by saying that â€Å"My old face beat against eighty-odd years. . . . But when Jesus of Nazareth decide to send Mantop to carry me to the Great Beyond, wherever my blood-seed scatter, they will spread the word ‘bout how Black and Seminole ancestors fight side by side at Swannee. † In 1835 there was a battle between the maroon and their allies known as the Creeks; and the Angolans.The well-equipped Angolans made their stand and this lead up to the Second Seminole War’s outbreak spreading from the Peace River’s headwaters west to Tampa Bay and north to the border of a white settlement. The Creeks were led by Peter McQueen’s nephew Osceol, while Minatti’s war chief Harry car ried on the military heritage for generations earlier by Francisco Menendez and others. When battle started in December, it quickly became apparent that it was far more than an Indian war because of the amount of blacks participating. As General Thomas S.Jesup declared in 1836, â€Å"This . . . is a negro war, not an Indian war. † The general added, â€Å"Throughout my operations I found the negroes the most active and determined warriors, and during the conferences with the Indian chiefs I ascertained that they exercised an almost controlling influence over them. † When Andrew Jackson left the presidency in March 1837, the maroons remained in Florida and at war. At one point historians questioned how the Seminoles obtained enough weapons and supplies to launch a resistance campaign in the mid-1830s.It was actually the free blacks and Red Stick Creeks; not the Seminoles, who utilized connections of past days to obtain the necessary equipment for war. There was also a q uestion of how they could do so when their peninsular reservation kept them from the coast? The answer to this question is answered by the fact that many of the same Cuban fishermen who had lived near the Angolans worked at Charlotte Harbor in the early 1830s.In 1835, these old business associates of the Angolans even managed to have the area’s United States customs inspector suspended, leaving the door wide open for whatever transfers were needed. As Second Seminole War expert John K. Mahon noted, â€Å"Every warrior seemed to have a rifle, and a superior one at that. † Brown also noted that future researchers may well discover the origins of those firearms in British or Spanish armories, dispatched to Florida by high-ranking officials in recognition of past valor, imperial promises, and pressures applied by Edward Nicolls, George Woodbine, or their friends.

Free Essays on The Myth Of Sisyphus And The Meaning Of Life

-their world is completely engulfed in their child’s life. For that period of time their life is dedicated to that little one, that is their life’s meaning- to raise and provide for their offspring. In that case, they can undisputedly say that their child is what gives the meaning to their life. We can understand that form of reasoning, that one doesn’t see any... Free Essays on The Myth Of Sisyphus And The Meaning Of Life Free Essays on The Myth Of Sisyphus And The Meaning Of Life The Myth of Sisyphus and The Meaning of Life Ever since philosophers started to ponder on life’s perennial questions, one was-and still is, coming back unanswered. What is the meaning of life? There isn’t a one, definite answer to this question, and we can expect as many answers as there are people in the world. Everyone will answer this in a different way, because each person has various meanings for what is valuable in their life. We can give a couple of examples for the life’s meaning, but it is not said that others will agree on our conclusion/finding. The question about life’s meaning is not one where you can go, and discover the answer to. It is rather a set of values, images, visions, some sort of ones creation- a metaphor, a symbol. Each and everyone one of us has a different meaning to his/her life, and in this paper I will try to discuss various values that are meaningful to ones life, and possibly give contrasting views on that entry. The Myth of Sisyphus will be used as a corners tone for a possible answer to the question and as an example of raison d’Ã ªtre to the answer. As mentioned before, there are as many answers to the question about life’s meaning as there are souls on this planet. What factors make a person determine the life’s meaning? One model could consist of someone that answers the question by saying that his offspring is what gives his life meaning. That is a perfectly good reply- if one has children. When a child is born, parents give it all of their attention and foster it. They provide for it, in other words-their world is completely engulfed in their child’s life. For that period of time their life is dedicated to that little one, that is their life’s meaning- to raise and provide for their offspring. In that case, they can undisputedly say that their child is what gives the meaning to their life. We can understand that form of reasoning, that one doesn’t see any...

5 ways to help your teens career path

5 ways to help your teens career path These days, it’s more challenging than ever for teens to choose the right career path. On top of having a lack of real-world life experience and the self-awareness to help guide them towards making choices that are right for them, the world of work is changing so rapidly these days- the result of accelerating technological innovation, a fluctuating economy, and shifting staffing demands of companies across industries. What’s the end result? Many young adults who are struggling to find their purpose after high school. The challenges teens face when searching for their ideal careers starts in college, before they even enter the world of work. According to a recent Borderzine article, â€Å"About 80 percent of students in the United States end up changing their major at least once, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. On average, college students change their major at least three times over the course of their college career.† This general leve l of indecisiveness can have serious implications on young adults and their ability to make clear and rational life decisions, on top of adding stress and pressure to an already challenging time in life.If you’re a parent or guardian of a teen who’s trying to figure out what career path to pursue, consider taking advantage of the following 5 strategies for helping them out.1. Help them make choices based on who they are.This one’s important- although you may have big dreams and plans for your teen, your child is not merely an extension of you, and projecting your hopes and wishes for their future on them is not a guaranteed path to career fulfillment. If you want your teen to pursue a career path that has a good chance of making them happy, help them make choices based on who they are and what makes them a unique individual.2. Empower them to explore their strengths and passions.Choosing the right career doesn’t have to be a shot in the dark- in fact, it shouldn’t be! If your teen is having trouble making a decision, a great first step is to help them make a list of their strengths, interests, and passions. Once they have a list, it’s much easier to come up with a manageable set of possible career options that might be right for them.3. Help them find a suitable mentor.If your teen has an interest in a particular field, a great way to learn more- and discover if it truly is the right path for them- is to help them connect with a prospective mentor in the field who can help them learn the day-to-day realities of life on the job, as well as short-term and long-term career options and outlooks. Intern and volunteer opportunities are excellent ways to get valuable exposure and experience. Don’t forget, industry veterans- no matter how successful- were all once teens with little or no experience, and many will be more than happy to â€Å"pay it forward† and help the next generation of employees get their start .4. Support their choices.Sure, this seems obvious, but what happens if your teen chooses a career path that you don’t agree with? This happens all the time, and the parents who support and encourage their teens to follow their dreams- whether it’s a choice you wholeheartedly support or think is a bad idea- are much more likely to have teens who are happy and successful, no matter what path they decide to pursue. Be patient, be supportive, and be encouraging to your teen as they grapple with this tough life decision, and you’re much more likely to see a positive result.5. Set a good example.The truth is, parents who are happy and fulfilled with their professional choices in life and who stick to and display positive work habits and behaviors are much more likely to have children who make smart choices regarding their career paths- and they’re also much more likely to exhibit similar positive work habits, which will help them achieve success in their chose n fields.The truth is, teens who have a healthy and productive level of guidance and support from their parents or guardians have a much better chance at making better career choices than their go-it-alone counterparts. Use the strategies presented here to help your teen successfully navigate the career path maze.

Business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business ethics - Essay Example The management of human resources begins at recruitment and with that there are two strong ethical concerns for all companies. These are the dual issues of following anti-discrimination practices and equal opportunity guidelines (Lockwood, 2005). Simply put, all candidates must be viewed and hired based on their strengths and weaknesses as applicants without giving any biases to their race, gender, age, or physical abilities except in certain situations where such requirements may be an intrinsic part of the job (Alleyne, 2005). As discussed by Clarke (2005), a lot remains to be done in this particular field. Given that the nature of the job in an office setting may include guidelines for inclusion and accessibility may also be a mandatory requirement, there are very few exceptions to the ethical guidelines that can be taken by a company. Without exception, the person making the hiring decision for the company should follow ethical principles and it should be assumed by him/her that the law applies in the fullest sense during the recruitment process. Even before a person is hired, there are ethical requirements which must be observed in the selection and interview process including the idea of confidentiality as well as protecting the privacy of all candidates (Welch, 2005). While applying for the job, candidates may give out information such as email addresses that are considered to be private information in ethical terms and that must be kept secure by the company. After the recruitment has been completed, there are explicit contracts of employment that have to be ethically created and administered by HR professionals as a matter of following the laws of the land. However, there may also be implicit contracts which Emott (2006) suggests are the unspoken understandings between the organization and the workers as they relate to both the expectations of the workers and the obligations of the